A contract for difference (CFD) is a contract between two parties, buyer and seller, stipulating that the seller will pay to the buyer the difference between the current value of an asset and its value at the contract time. CFDs reduce traders capital investment amount required, while increasing profit potential.

 

The key feature is that rather than pay the full value of a transaction you only pay a percentage when opening the position called Initial Margin. The key point is that margin allows leverage, so that you can access a larger amount of shares than you would be able to if buying or selling the shares themselves.

 

If a position moves against you and reduces your cash balance so that you are below the required margin level on a particular trade, you will be subject to a "Margin Call" and will have to pay additional money into your account to keep the position open or you may be forced to close your position.

 

 

  • As you are trading on margin, you can maximise your trading capital by use of smaller amounts of capital. This also allows you to trade multiple positions because it leaves you with more available capital.
  • You don't actually physically buy the underlying shares, and so you don't have to pay stamp duty (saving 0.5% compared to a traditional share purchase).
  • Bull or bear: You can profit from falling or rising markets by trading long or short.
  • Dividend adjustment credits are rewarded on long positions
  • A single account can give you access to far greater range of financial markets.
  • You can limit & manage your risk using a Stop Losses and Limit orders.

 

 

  • The geared nature of margin trading markets means that losses can be magnified if the market moves against you.
  • It is less suited to the long term investor, if you hold a CFD open over a long period of time the costs associated increase and it may be more beneficial to have bought the underlying asset
  • Unless you place a stop loss you could incur very large losses if your position moves against you
  • You have no rights as an investor, including no voting rights

 

 

Because CFDs are traded on margin if you hold a position open overnight it will be subject to a finance charge. Long CFD positions are charged interest if they are held overnight, Short CFD positions will be paid interest.

 

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  • CFD Long Equity
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  • CFD Forex
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A long trade is a position that is opened with a buy in the expectation that the share price will rise.

The investor believes that Barclays are going to rise and so buys 10,000 Barclays Shares at 305p.

   
10% cash deposit/margin requirement (refundable) (£3,050)
Commission at 0.25% (to open) (£76.25)
Financing (approx) (5 days at £1.88 per day) (£ 9.40)*
   
A week later Investor's prediction was correct and Barclay's rise to 325 - 325.5 and they decide to close their position
   
10,000 Barclays Shares sold at 325p - Profit £2,000
Commission at 0.25% to close (£81.25)
 
TOTAL PROFIT £1,833.10
*financing figures may be affected by market conditions
 
 

A short trade is a position that is opened with a sell transaction in the expectation that the share price will fall.

The investor believes that Barclays are going to fall and so places a trade to SELL 10000 shares as a CFD at 305p

   
10% cash deposit/margin requirement (refundable) (£3,050)
Commission at 0.25% (to open) (£76.25)
   

A week later Investor's prediction was correct and Barclay's fall to 285 - 285.5 and they decide to close their position

   
10,000 Barclays Shares sold at 285p - Profit £2,000
Financing (approx) (5 days at £1.88 per day) £9.40*
Commission at 0.25% to close (£81.25)
 
TOTAL PROFIT £1,928.15
*financing figures may be affected by market conditions
 
 
Long Position in US Crude - Buy 100 barrels of US Crude CFDs

 

The investor believes oil is showing strength and wants to be long. They therefore buy 100 Buy 100 barrels of US Crude CFDs at $83.30
   
Nominal value $8330
5% cash deposit/margin requirement (initial outlay) $416.50
 
A week later the price has risen and the investor wishes to close their position for a profit and so sells Sell 100 CFDs at $86.30.
   
Value of closing trade $8630
 
TOTAL PROFIT $300 less commissions and financing*
*You will only be charged a financing cost if you hold your position overnight. financing figures may be affected by market conditions
 
 
CFD Forex Demonstration

 

The investor believes that the Euro will strengthen against the US Dollar and so buys or 'goes long' on EUR 100,000 @ 1.356 (the offer price).
   
1% cash deposit/margin requirement (initial outlay) ($1,000)
 
Each basis point, or "pip", in this example is worth $10 USD. Each basis point is valued at 0.0001. For example if the EUR/USD rate moves from 1.3456 to 1.357 you will receive a profit of $10 USD.
   
The Investor's prediction is correct and the Euro appreciates against the US Dollar. The quote on EUR/USD is now 1.3466 and they decide to close their position  
   
To close your position you decide to SELL EUR 100,000 @ 1.3466 (the bid price). 
   
Your profit and loss is usually calculated in the secondary, or "quote" currency. Therefore the above EUR/USD trade profit/loss is calculated in USD. You will only be charged a financing cost if you hold your position overnight. Financing figures may be affected by market conditions.
   
TOTAL PROFIT $100 less commissions and financing*
*financing figures may be affected by market conditions
 
 

 

 

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